The catalog

The closure devices

Eight implementations of the bug — each moves a different question outside the conversation. Each entry documents what it does, the observable that distinguishes it from honest speech, and the reply that puts the question back on the table. Every specimen links to the primary source.

Force multipliers

These four recur in the same speeches and are usually catalogued alongside the devices above. They are documented here for one reason: the closure devices run on them. But they are not closure — nothing in them makes a question unaskable. An epithet, an emergency, a flood of claims, a superlative: each raises the price of checking, or exhausts the checker. The foreclosing happens in the eight above.

Twelve is a curatorial number, not a census. Candidate additions (the “Sir” story — third-party attribution of implausible praise; “the weave” — the speaker’s own 2024 name for digressive delivery; strategic vagueness — “we’ll see what happens”) are documented in the repository backlog with partial maps and will be published when they meet the sourcing bar. The catalog is versioned; additions, reclassifications, and retractions appear in the changelog — the closure/amplifier distinction on this page is itself a reclassification, made because four entries failed the site’s own test: name the question this construction forecloses.